有關《LLM Engine》

Privacy Policy

Last updated: May 23, 2023

This Privacy Policy describes Our policies and procedures on the collection, use and disclosure of Your information when You use the Service and tells You about Your privacy rights and how the law protects You.

We use Your Personal data to provide and improve the Service. By using the Service, You agree to the collection and use of information in accordance with this Privacy Policy. This Privacy Policy has been created with the help of the Privacy Policy Generator.

Interpretation and Definitions

Interpretation

The words of which the initial letter is capitalized have meanings defined under the following conditions. The following definitions shall have the same meaning regardless of whether they appear in singular or in plural.

Definitions

For the purposes of this Privacy Policy:

  • Account means a unique account created for You to access our Service or parts of our Service.
  • Affiliate means an entity that controls, is controlled by or is under common control with a party, where “control" means ownership of 50% or more of the shares, equity interest or other securities entitled to vote for election of directors or other managing authority.
  • Application refers to LLM Engine, the software program provided by the Company.
  • Company (referred to as either “the Company", “We", “Us" or “Our" in this Agreement) refers to LLM Engine
  • Country refers to: Hong Kong SAR China
  • Device means any device that can access the Service such as a computer, a cellphone or a digital tablet.
  • Personal Data is any information that relates to an identified or identifiable individual.
  • Service refers to the Application.
  • Service Provider means any natural or legal person who processes the data on behalf of the Company. It refers to third-party companies or individuals employed by the Company to facilitate the Service, to provide the Service on behalf of the Company, to perform services related to the Service or to assist the Company in analyzing how the Service is used.
  • Usage Data refers to data collected automatically, either generated by the use of the Service or from the Service infrastructure itself (for example, the duration of a page visit).
  • You means the individual accessing or using the Service, or the company, or other legal entity on behalf of which such individual is accessing or using the Service, as applicable.

Collecting and Using Your Personal Data

Types of Data Collected

Personal Data

While using Our Service, We may ask You to provide Us with certain personally identifiable information that can be used to contact or identify You. Personally identifiable information may include, but is not limited to:

  • Usage Data

Usage Data

Usage Data is collected automatically when using the Service.

Usage Data may include information such as Your Device’s Internet Protocol address (e.g. IP address), browser type, browser version, the pages of our Service that You visit, the time and date of Your visit, the time spent on those pages, unique device identifiers and other diagnostic data.

When You access the Service by or through a mobile device, We may collect certain information automatically, including, but not limited to, the type of mobile device You use, Your mobile device unique ID, the IP address of Your mobile device, Your mobile operating system, the type of mobile Internet browser You use, unique device identifiers and other diagnostic data.

We may also collect information that Your browser sends whenever You visit our Service or when You access the Service by or through a mobile device.

Use of Your Personal Data

The Company may use Personal Data for the following purposes:

  • To provide and maintain our Service, including to monitor the usage of our Service.
  • To manage Your Account: to manage Your registration as a user of the Service. The Personal Data You provide can give You access to different functionalities of the Service that are available to You as a registered user.
  • For the performance of a contract: the development, compliance and undertaking of the purchase contract for the products, items or services You have purchased or of any other contract with Us through the Service.
  • To contact You: To contact You by email, telephone calls, SMS, or other equivalent forms of electronic communication, such as a mobile application’s push notifications regarding updates or informative communications related to the functionalities, products or contracted services, including the security updates, when necessary or reasonable for their implementation.
  • To provide You with news, special offers and general information about other goods, services and events which we offer that are similar to those that you have already purchased or enquired about unless You have opted not to receive such information.
  • To manage Your requests: To attend and manage Your requests to Us.
  • For business transfers: We may use Your information to evaluate or conduct a merger, divestiture, restructuring, reorganization, dissolution, or other sale or transfer of some or all of Our assets, whether as a going concern or as part of bankruptcy, liquidation, or similar proceeding, in which Personal Data held by Us about our Service users is among the assets transferred.
  • For other purposes: We may use Your information for other purposes, such as data analysis, identifying usage trends, determining the effectiveness of our promotional campaigns and to evaluate and improve our Service, products, services, marketing and your experience.

We may share Your personal information in the following situations:

  • With Service Providers: We may share Your personal information with Service Providers to monitor and analyze the use of our Service, to contact You.
  • For business transfers: We may share or transfer Your personal information in connection with, or during negotiations of, any merger, sale of Company assets, financing, or acquisition of all or a portion of Our business to another company.
  • With Affiliates: We may share Your information with Our affiliates, in which case we will require those affiliates to honor this Privacy Policy. Affiliates include Our parent company and any other subsidiaries, joint venture partners or other companies that We control or that are under common control with Us.
  • With business partners: We may share Your information with Our business partners to offer You certain products, services or promotions.
  • With other users: when You share personal information or otherwise interact in the public areas with other users, such information may be viewed by all users and may be publicly distributed outside.
  • With Your consent: We may disclose Your personal information for any other purpose with Your consent.

Retention of Your Personal Data

The Company will retain Your Personal Data only for as long as is necessary for the purposes set out in this Privacy Policy. We will retain and use Your Personal Data to the extent necessary to comply with our legal obligations (for example, if we are required to retain your data to comply with applicable laws), resolve disputes, and enforce our legal agreements and policies.

The Company will also retain Usage Data for internal analysis purposes. Usage Data is generally retained for a shorter period of time, except when this data is used to strengthen the security or to improve the functionality of Our Service, or We are legally obligated to retain this data for longer time periods.

Transfer of Your Personal Data

Your information, including Personal Data, is processed at the Company’s operating offices and in any other places where the parties involved in the processing are located. It means that this information may be transferred to — and maintained on — computers located outside of Your state, province, country or other governmental jurisdiction where the data protection laws may differ than those from Your jurisdiction.

Your consent to this Privacy Policy followed by Your submission of such information represents Your agreement to that transfer.

The Company will take all steps reasonably necessary to ensure that Your data is treated securely and in accordance with this Privacy Policy and no transfer of Your Personal Data will take place to an organization or a country unless there are adequate controls in place including the security of Your data and other personal information.

Delete Your Personal Data

You have the right to delete or request that We assist in deleting the Personal Data that We have collected about You.

Our Service may give You the ability to delete certain information about You from within the Service.

You may update, amend, or delete Your information at any time by signing in to Your Account, if you have one, and visiting the account settings section that allows you to manage Your personal information. You may also contact Us to request access to, correct, or delete any personal information that You have provided to Us.

Please note, however, that We may need to retain certain information when we have a legal obligation or lawful basis to do so.

Disclosure of Your Personal Data

Business Transactions

If the Company is involved in a merger, acquisition or asset sale, Your Personal Data may be transferred. We will provide notice before Your Personal Data is transferred and becomes subject to a different Privacy Policy.

Law enforcement

Under certain circumstances, the Company may be required to disclose Your Personal Data if required to do so by law or in response to valid requests by public authorities (e.g. a court or a government agency).

Other legal requirements

The Company may disclose Your Personal Data in the good faith belief that such action is necessary to:

  • Comply with a legal obligation
  • Protect and defend the rights or property of the Company
  • Prevent or investigate possible wrongdoing in connection with the Service
  • Protect the personal safety of Users of the Service or the public
  • Protect against legal liability

Security of Your Personal Data

The security of Your Personal Data is important to Us, but remember that no method of transmission over the Internet, or method of electronic storage is 100% secure. While We strive to use commercially acceptable means to protect Your Personal Data, We cannot guarantee its absolute security.

Children’s Privacy

Our Service does not address anyone under the age of 13. We do not knowingly collect personally identifiable information from anyone under the age of 13. If You are a parent or guardian and You are aware that Your child has provided Us with Personal Data, please contact Us. If We become aware that We have collected Personal Data from anyone under the age of 13 without verification of parental consent, We take steps to remove that information from Our servers.

If We need to rely on consent as a legal basis for processing Your information and Your country requires consent from a parent, We may require Your parent’s consent before We collect and use that information.

Links to Other Websites

Our Service may contain links to other websites that are not operated by Us. If You click on a third party link, You will be directed to that third party’s site. We strongly advise You to review the Privacy Policy of every site You visit.

We have no control over and assume no responsibility for the content, privacy policies or practices of any third party sites or services.

Changes to this Privacy Policy

We may update Our Privacy Policy from time to time. We will notify You of any changes by posting the new Privacy Policy on this page.

We will let You know via email and/or a prominent notice on Our Service, prior to the change becoming effective and update the “Last updated" date at the top of this Privacy Policy.

You are advised to review this Privacy Policy periodically for any changes. Changes to this Privacy Policy are effective when they are posted on this page.

Contact Us

If you have any questions about this Privacy Policy, You can contact us:

  • By email: m@ckchan.hk

有關《TTS: When Machine Speaks》

Privacy Policy

Last updated: May 23, 2023

This Privacy Policy describes Our policies and procedures on the collection, use and disclosure of Your information when You use the Service and tells You about Your privacy rights and how the law protects You.

We use Your Personal data to provide and improve the Service. By using the Service, You agree to the collection and use of information in accordance with this Privacy Policy. This Privacy Policy has been created with the help of the Privacy Policy Generator.

Interpretation and Definitions

Interpretation

The words of which the initial letter is capitalized have meanings defined under the following conditions. The following definitions shall have the same meaning regardless of whether they appear in singular or in plural.

Definitions

For the purposes of this Privacy Policy:

  • Account means a unique account created for You to access our Service or parts of our Service.
  • Affiliate means an entity that controls, is controlled by or is under common control with a party, where “control" means ownership of 50% or more of the shares, equity interest or other securities entitled to vote for election of directors or other managing authority.
  • Application refers to TTS: When Machine Speaks, the software program provided by the Company.
  • Company (referred to as either “the Company", “We", “Us" or “Our" in this Agreement) refers to TTS: When Machine Speaks
  • Country refers to: Hong Kong SAR China
  • Device means any device that can access the Service such as a computer, a cellphone or a digital tablet.
  • Personal Data is any information that relates to an identified or identifiable individual.
  • Service refers to the Application.
  • Service Provider means any natural or legal person who processes the data on behalf of the Company. It refers to third-party companies or individuals employed by the Company to facilitate the Service, to provide the Service on behalf of the Company, to perform services related to the Service or to assist the Company in analyzing how the Service is used.
  • Usage Data refers to data collected automatically, either generated by the use of the Service or from the Service infrastructure itself (for example, the duration of a page visit).
  • You means the individual accessing or using the Service, or the company, or other legal entity on behalf of which such individual is accessing or using the Service, as applicable.

Collecting and Using Your Personal Data

Types of Data Collected

Personal Data

While using Our Service, We may ask You to provide Us with certain personally identifiable information that can be used to contact or identify You. Personally identifiable information may include, but is not limited to:

  • Usage Data

Usage Data

Usage Data is collected automatically when using the Service.

Usage Data may include information such as Your Device’s Internet Protocol address (e.g. IP address), browser type, browser version, the pages of our Service that You visit, the time and date of Your visit, the time spent on those pages, unique device identifiers and other diagnostic data.

When You access the Service by or through a mobile device, We may collect certain information automatically, including, but not limited to, the type of mobile device You use, Your mobile device unique ID, the IP address of Your mobile device, Your mobile operating system, the type of mobile Internet browser You use, unique device identifiers and other diagnostic data.

We may also collect information that Your browser sends whenever You visit our Service or when You access the Service by or through a mobile device.

Use of Your Personal Data

The Company may use Personal Data for the following purposes:

  • To provide and maintain our Service, including to monitor the usage of our Service.
  • To manage Your Account: to manage Your registration as a user of the Service. The Personal Data You provide can give You access to different functionalities of the Service that are available to You as a registered user.
  • For the performance of a contract: the development, compliance and undertaking of the purchase contract for the products, items or services You have purchased or of any other contract with Us through the Service.
  • To contact You: To contact You by email, telephone calls, SMS, or other equivalent forms of electronic communication, such as a mobile application’s push notifications regarding updates or informative communications related to the functionalities, products or contracted services, including the security updates, when necessary or reasonable for their implementation.
  • To provide You with news, special offers and general information about other goods, services and events which we offer that are similar to those that you have already purchased or enquired about unless You have opted not to receive such information.
  • To manage Your requests: To attend and manage Your requests to Us.
  • For business transfers: We may use Your information to evaluate or conduct a merger, divestiture, restructuring, reorganization, dissolution, or other sale or transfer of some or all of Our assets, whether as a going concern or as part of bankruptcy, liquidation, or similar proceeding, in which Personal Data held by Us about our Service users is among the assets transferred.
  • For other purposes: We may use Your information for other purposes, such as data analysis, identifying usage trends, determining the effectiveness of our promotional campaigns and to evaluate and improve our Service, products, services, marketing and your experience.

We may share Your personal information in the following situations:

  • With Service Providers: We may share Your personal information with Service Providers to monitor and analyze the use of our Service, to contact You.
  • For business transfers: We may share or transfer Your personal information in connection with, or during negotiations of, any merger, sale of Company assets, financing, or acquisition of all or a portion of Our business to another company.
  • With Affiliates: We may share Your information with Our affiliates, in which case we will require those affiliates to honor this Privacy Policy. Affiliates include Our parent company and any other subsidiaries, joint venture partners or other companies that We control or that are under common control with Us.
  • With business partners: We may share Your information with Our business partners to offer You certain products, services or promotions.
  • With other users: when You share personal information or otherwise interact in the public areas with other users, such information may be viewed by all users and may be publicly distributed outside.
  • With Your consent: We may disclose Your personal information for any other purpose with Your consent.

Retention of Your Personal Data

The Company will retain Your Personal Data only for as long as is necessary for the purposes set out in this Privacy Policy. We will retain and use Your Personal Data to the extent necessary to comply with our legal obligations (for example, if we are required to retain your data to comply with applicable laws), resolve disputes, and enforce our legal agreements and policies.

The Company will also retain Usage Data for internal analysis purposes. Usage Data is generally retained for a shorter period of time, except when this data is used to strengthen the security or to improve the functionality of Our Service, or We are legally obligated to retain this data for longer time periods.

Transfer of Your Personal Data

Your information, including Personal Data, is processed at the Company’s operating offices and in any other places where the parties involved in the processing are located. It means that this information may be transferred to — and maintained on — computers located outside of Your state, province, country or other governmental jurisdiction where the data protection laws may differ than those from Your jurisdiction.

Your consent to this Privacy Policy followed by Your submission of such information represents Your agreement to that transfer.

The Company will take all steps reasonably necessary to ensure that Your data is treated securely and in accordance with this Privacy Policy and no transfer of Your Personal Data will take place to an organization or a country unless there are adequate controls in place including the security of Your data and other personal information.

Delete Your Personal Data

You have the right to delete or request that We assist in deleting the Personal Data that We have collected about You.

Our Service may give You the ability to delete certain information about You from within the Service.

You may update, amend, or delete Your information at any time by signing in to Your Account, if you have one, and visiting the account settings section that allows you to manage Your personal information. You may also contact Us to request access to, correct, or delete any personal information that You have provided to Us.

Please note, however, that We may need to retain certain information when we have a legal obligation or lawful basis to do so.

Disclosure of Your Personal Data

Business Transactions

If the Company is involved in a merger, acquisition or asset sale, Your Personal Data may be transferred. We will provide notice before Your Personal Data is transferred and becomes subject to a different Privacy Policy.

Law enforcement

Under certain circumstances, the Company may be required to disclose Your Personal Data if required to do so by law or in response to valid requests by public authorities (e.g. a court or a government agency).

Other legal requirements

The Company may disclose Your Personal Data in the good faith belief that such action is necessary to:

  • Comply with a legal obligation
  • Protect and defend the rights or property of the Company
  • Prevent or investigate possible wrongdoing in connection with the Service
  • Protect the personal safety of Users of the Service or the public
  • Protect against legal liability

Security of Your Personal Data

The security of Your Personal Data is important to Us, but remember that no method of transmission over the Internet, or method of electronic storage is 100% secure. While We strive to use commercially acceptable means to protect Your Personal Data, We cannot guarantee its absolute security.

Children’s Privacy

Our Service does not address anyone under the age of 13. We do not knowingly collect personally identifiable information from anyone under the age of 13. If You are a parent or guardian and You are aware that Your child has provided Us with Personal Data, please contact Us. If We become aware that We have collected Personal Data from anyone under the age of 13 without verification of parental consent, We take steps to remove that information from Our servers.

If We need to rely on consent as a legal basis for processing Your information and Your country requires consent from a parent, We may require Your parent’s consent before We collect and use that information.

Links to Other Websites

Our Service may contain links to other websites that are not operated by Us. If You click on a third party link, You will be directed to that third party’s site. We strongly advise You to review the Privacy Policy of every site You visit.

We have no control over and assume no responsibility for the content, privacy policies or practices of any third party sites or services.

Changes to this Privacy Policy

We may update Our Privacy Policy from time to time. We will notify You of any changes by posting the new Privacy Policy on this page.

We will let You know via email and/or a prominent notice on Our Service, prior to the change becoming effective and update the “Last updated" date at the top of this Privacy Policy.

You are advised to review this Privacy Policy periodically for any changes. Changes to this Privacy Policy are effective when they are posted on this page.

Contact Us

If you have any questions about this Privacy Policy, You can contact us:

  • By email: m@ckchan.hk

有關《LLM: Answering Machine》

Privacy Policy

Last updated: May 23, 2023

This Privacy Policy describes Our policies and procedures on the collection, use and disclosure of Your information when You use the Service and tells You about Your privacy rights and how the law protects You.

We use Your Personal data to provide and improve the Service. By using the Service, You agree to the collection and use of information in accordance with this Privacy Policy. This Privacy Policy has been created with the help of the Privacy Policy Generator.

Interpretation and Definitions

Interpretation

The words of which the initial letter is capitalized have meanings defined under the following conditions. The following definitions shall have the same meaning regardless of whether they appear in singular or in plural.

Definitions

For the purposes of this Privacy Policy:

  • Account means a unique account created for You to access our Service or parts of our Service.
  • Affiliate means an entity that controls, is controlled by or is under common control with a party, where “control" means ownership of 50% or more of the shares, equity interest or other securities entitled to vote for election of directors or other managing authority.
  • Application refers to LLM: Answering Machine, the software program provided by the Company.
  • Company (referred to as either “the Company", “We", “Us" or “Our" in this Agreement) refers to LLM: Answering Machine
  • Country refers to: Hong Kong SAR China
  • Device means any device that can access the Service such as a computer, a cellphone or a digital tablet.
  • Personal Data is any information that relates to an identified or identifiable individual.
  • Service refers to the Application.
  • Service Provider means any natural or legal person who processes the data on behalf of the Company. It refers to third-party companies or individuals employed by the Company to facilitate the Service, to provide the Service on behalf of the Company, to perform services related to the Service or to assist the Company in analyzing how the Service is used.
  • Usage Data refers to data collected automatically, either generated by the use of the Service or from the Service infrastructure itself (for example, the duration of a page visit).
  • You means the individual accessing or using the Service, or the company, or other legal entity on behalf of which such individual is accessing or using the Service, as applicable.

Collecting and Using Your Personal Data

Types of Data Collected

Personal Data

While using Our Service, We may ask You to provide Us with certain personally identifiable information that can be used to contact or identify You. Personally identifiable information may include, but is not limited to:

  • Usage Data

Usage Data

Usage Data is collected automatically when using the Service.

Usage Data may include information such as Your Device’s Internet Protocol address (e.g. IP address), browser type, browser version, the pages of our Service that You visit, the time and date of Your visit, the time spent on those pages, unique device identifiers and other diagnostic data.

When You access the Service by or through a mobile device, We may collect certain information automatically, including, but not limited to, the type of mobile device You use, Your mobile device unique ID, the IP address of Your mobile device, Your mobile operating system, the type of mobile Internet browser You use, unique device identifiers and other diagnostic data.

We may also collect information that Your browser sends whenever You visit our Service or when You access the Service by or through a mobile device.

Use of Your Personal Data

The Company may use Personal Data for the following purposes:

  • To provide and maintain our Service, including to monitor the usage of our Service.
  • To manage Your Account: to manage Your registration as a user of the Service. The Personal Data You provide can give You access to different functionalities of the Service that are available to You as a registered user.
  • For the performance of a contract: the development, compliance and undertaking of the purchase contract for the products, items or services You have purchased or of any other contract with Us through the Service.
  • To contact You: To contact You by email, telephone calls, SMS, or other equivalent forms of electronic communication, such as a mobile application’s push notifications regarding updates or informative communications related to the functionalities, products or contracted services, including the security updates, when necessary or reasonable for their implementation.
  • To provide You with news, special offers and general information about other goods, services and events which we offer that are similar to those that you have already purchased or enquired about unless You have opted not to receive such information.
  • To manage Your requests: To attend and manage Your requests to Us.
  • For business transfers: We may use Your information to evaluate or conduct a merger, divestiture, restructuring, reorganization, dissolution, or other sale or transfer of some or all of Our assets, whether as a going concern or as part of bankruptcy, liquidation, or similar proceeding, in which Personal Data held by Us about our Service users is among the assets transferred.
  • For other purposes: We may use Your information for other purposes, such as data analysis, identifying usage trends, determining the effectiveness of our promotional campaigns and to evaluate and improve our Service, products, services, marketing and your experience.

We may share Your personal information in the following situations:

  • With Service Providers: We may share Your personal information with Service Providers to monitor and analyze the use of our Service, to contact You.
  • For business transfers: We may share or transfer Your personal information in connection with, or during negotiations of, any merger, sale of Company assets, financing, or acquisition of all or a portion of Our business to another company.
  • With Affiliates: We may share Your information with Our affiliates, in which case we will require those affiliates to honor this Privacy Policy. Affiliates include Our parent company and any other subsidiaries, joint venture partners or other companies that We control or that are under common control with Us.
  • With business partners: We may share Your information with Our business partners to offer You certain products, services or promotions.
  • With other users: when You share personal information or otherwise interact in the public areas with other users, such information may be viewed by all users and may be publicly distributed outside.
  • With Your consent: We may disclose Your personal information for any other purpose with Your consent.

Retention of Your Personal Data

The Company will retain Your Personal Data only for as long as is necessary for the purposes set out in this Privacy Policy. We will retain and use Your Personal Data to the extent necessary to comply with our legal obligations (for example, if we are required to retain your data to comply with applicable laws), resolve disputes, and enforce our legal agreements and policies.

The Company will also retain Usage Data for internal analysis purposes. Usage Data is generally retained for a shorter period of time, except when this data is used to strengthen the security or to improve the functionality of Our Service, or We are legally obligated to retain this data for longer time periods.

Transfer of Your Personal Data

Your information, including Personal Data, is processed at the Company’s operating offices and in any other places where the parties involved in the processing are located. It means that this information may be transferred to — and maintained on — computers located outside of Your state, province, country or other governmental jurisdiction where the data protection laws may differ than those from Your jurisdiction.

Your consent to this Privacy Policy followed by Your submission of such information represents Your agreement to that transfer.

The Company will take all steps reasonably necessary to ensure that Your data is treated securely and in accordance with this Privacy Policy and no transfer of Your Personal Data will take place to an organization or a country unless there are adequate controls in place including the security of Your data and other personal information.

Delete Your Personal Data

You have the right to delete or request that We assist in deleting the Personal Data that We have collected about You.

Our Service may give You the ability to delete certain information about You from within the Service.

You may update, amend, or delete Your information at any time by signing in to Your Account, if you have one, and visiting the account settings section that allows you to manage Your personal information. You may also contact Us to request access to, correct, or delete any personal information that You have provided to Us.

Please note, however, that We may need to retain certain information when we have a legal obligation or lawful basis to do so.

Disclosure of Your Personal Data

Business Transactions

If the Company is involved in a merger, acquisition or asset sale, Your Personal Data may be transferred. We will provide notice before Your Personal Data is transferred and becomes subject to a different Privacy Policy.

Law enforcement

Under certain circumstances, the Company may be required to disclose Your Personal Data if required to do so by law or in response to valid requests by public authorities (e.g. a court or a government agency).

Other legal requirements

The Company may disclose Your Personal Data in the good faith belief that such action is necessary to:

  • Comply with a legal obligation
  • Protect and defend the rights or property of the Company
  • Prevent or investigate possible wrongdoing in connection with the Service
  • Protect the personal safety of Users of the Service or the public
  • Protect against legal liability

Security of Your Personal Data

The security of Your Personal Data is important to Us, but remember that no method of transmission over the Internet, or method of electronic storage is 100% secure. While We strive to use commercially acceptable means to protect Your Personal Data, We cannot guarantee its absolute security.

Children’s Privacy

Our Service does not address anyone under the age of 13. We do not knowingly collect personally identifiable information from anyone under the age of 13. If You are a parent or guardian and You are aware that Your child has provided Us with Personal Data, please contact Us. If We become aware that We have collected Personal Data from anyone under the age of 13 without verification of parental consent, We take steps to remove that information from Our servers.

If We need to rely on consent as a legal basis for processing Your information and Your country requires consent from a parent, We may require Your parent’s consent before We collect and use that information.

Links to Other Websites

Our Service may contain links to other websites that are not operated by Us. If You click on a third party link, You will be directed to that third party’s site. We strongly advise You to review the Privacy Policy of every site You visit.

We have no control over and assume no responsibility for the content, privacy policies or practices of any third party sites or services.

Changes to this Privacy Policy

We may update Our Privacy Policy from time to time. We will notify You of any changes by posting the new Privacy Policy on this page.

We will let You know via email and/or a prominent notice on Our Service, prior to the change becoming effective and update the “Last updated" date at the top of this Privacy Policy.

You are advised to review this Privacy Policy periodically for any changes. Changes to this Privacy Policy are effective when they are posted on this page.

Contact Us

If you have any questions about this Privacy Policy, You can contact us:

  • By email: m@ckchan.hk

有關《ASR: When Machine Listens》

Privacy Policy

Last updated: May 23, 2023

This Privacy Policy describes Our policies and procedures on the collection, use and disclosure of Your information when You use the Service and tells You about Your privacy rights and how the law protects You.

We use Your Personal data to provide and improve the Service. By using the Service, You agree to the collection and use of information in accordance with this Privacy Policy. This Privacy Policy has been created with the help of the Privacy Policy Generator.

Interpretation and Definitions

Interpretation

The words of which the initial letter is capitalized have meanings defined under the following conditions. The following definitions shall have the same meaning regardless of whether they appear in singular or in plural.

Definitions

For the purposes of this Privacy Policy:

  • Account means a unique account created for You to access our Service or parts of our Service.
  • Affiliate means an entity that controls, is controlled by or is under common control with a party, where “control" means ownership of 50% or more of the shares, equity interest or other securities entitled to vote for election of directors or other managing authority.
  • Application refers to ASR: When Machine Listens, the software program provided by the Company.
  • Company (referred to as either “the Company", “We", “Us" or “Our" in this Agreement) refers to ASR: When Machine Listens
  • Country refers to: Hong Kong SAR China
  • Device means any device that can access the Service such as a computer, a cellphone or a digital tablet.
  • Personal Data is any information that relates to an identified or identifiable individual.
  • Service refers to the Application.
  • Service Provider means any natural or legal person who processes the data on behalf of the Company. It refers to third-party companies or individuals employed by the Company to facilitate the Service, to provide the Service on behalf of the Company, to perform services related to the Service or to assist the Company in analyzing how the Service is used.
  • Usage Data refers to data collected automatically, either generated by the use of the Service or from the Service infrastructure itself (for example, the duration of a page visit).
  • You means the individual accessing or using the Service, or the company, or other legal entity on behalf of which such individual is accessing or using the Service, as applicable.

Collecting and Using Your Personal Data

Types of Data Collected

Personal Data

While using Our Service, We may ask You to provide Us with certain personally identifiable information that can be used to contact or identify You. Personally identifiable information may include, but is not limited to:

  • Usage Data

Usage Data

Usage Data is collected automatically when using the Service.

Usage Data may include information such as Your Device’s Internet Protocol address (e.g. IP address), browser type, browser version, the pages of our Service that You visit, the time and date of Your visit, the time spent on those pages, unique device identifiers and other diagnostic data.

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影評:Daniel Craig 的 007 系列

因為以 Daniel Craig 為邦的 007 系列重啟,已經宣佈劃上句號。所以可以將個系列歸納一下。主要是想比較這五部不同編劇、不同導演、不同發行商,但是主角相同,時空相近的作品。以作為營運和產品的反思案例和素材,以電影為行業。

~ 博客內影評 ~

貼回之前寫的每套影評連結:

影評:007 – Casino Royale
影評:007 – Quantum of Solace
影評:007 – Skyfall
影評:007 – Spectre
影評:007 – No Time To Die

~ 營運 ~

先寫一些營運方面的指標。

Casino RoyaleQuantum of SolaceSkyfallSpectreNo Time To Die
上映年2006.11.162008.10.292012.10.232015.10.262021.09.30
編號Bond 21Bond 22Bond 23Bond 24Bond 25
概念20052006200920132016
試鏡200520072011.11.032014.122018.12
製作開始2006.01.03 –
2006.07.20
2007.08.16 –
2008.06.21
2011.11.072014.12.082019.04.25
評價RT:94%
IMDB:77%
筆者:85%
RT:64%
IMDB:60%
筆者:30%
RT:92%
IMDB:78%
筆者:90%
RT:63%
IMDB:68%
筆者:50%
RT:83%
IMDB:65%
筆者:75%
預算 (US$)150M200-230M150-200M245-300M250-301M
票房 (US$)616M589.6M1.109B880.7M774.2M
ROI310.67%194.8%639.33%259.47%209.68%
導演Martin CampbellMarc ForsterSam MendesSam MendesCary Joji Fukunaga
編劇Neal Purvis*
Robert Wade*
Paul Haggis

*五部都有參與
Paul Haggis
Neal Purvis*
Robert Wade*
Neal Purvis*
Robert Wade*
John Logan
John Logan
Neal Purvis*
Robert Wade*
Jez Butterworth
Neal Purvis*
Robert Wade*
Cary Joji Fukunaga
Phoebe Waller-Bridge
監製Michael G. Wilson
Barbara Broccoli
製作商Eon Productions
發行商Sony Pictures ReleasingUniversal Pictures
片長144 min106 min143 min148 min163 min

~ 電影藝術 ~

然後再寫一些電影作為藝術作品的指標。

Casino RoyaleQuantum of SolaceSkyfallSpectreNo Time To Die
一般評價的優等次序(優至劣)15243
演員:邦Daniel Craig
演員:MJudi DenchRalph Fiennes
(角色名:Gareth Mallory / M)
邦女郎Vesper Lynd
演員:Eva Green

Solange Dimitrios
演員:Caterina Murino
Camille Montes
演員:Olga Kurylenko

Strawberry Fields
演員:Gemma Arterton
Eve Moneypenny
演員:Naomie Harris

Sévérine
演員:Bérénice Marlohe
Madeleine Swann
演員:Léa Seydoux

Eve Moneypenny
演員:Naomie Harris

Lucia Sciarra
演員:Monica Bellucci

Estrella
演員:Stephanie Sigman
Madeleine Swann
演員:Léa Seydoux

Eve Moneypenny
演員:Naomie Harris

Nomi
演員:Lashana Lynch

Paloma
演員:Ana de Armas
壞蛋Le Chiffre
演員:Mads Mikkelsen
General Medrano
演員:Joaquín Cosío
C / Max Denbigh
演員:Andrew Scott
Ernst Stavro Blofeld / Franz Oberhauser
演員:Christoph Waltz
幕後黑手Mr. White
演員:Jesper Christensen
Dominic Greene
演員:Mathieu Amalric
Raoul Silva
演員:Javier Bardem
Ernst Stavro Blofeld / Franz Oberhauser
演員:Christoph Waltz
Lyutsifer Safin
演員:Rami Malek
演員:QBen Whishaw
壞蛋做了甚麼壞事?資助恐佈活動,炸飛機,藉以投資獲利與軍閥合作,興建水壩,壟斷水源,民不聊生組織了私營特務組織;偷取了特務名單並公佈;背後動機是純粹地想報復和刺殺 M九眼滲透情報部門;建立全球監控網絡;並與邦本人有童年私怨控制了標靶式生化武器,可殺人於無形,販賣服務
M 的計劃 / 邦的執行阻止飛機被炸;藉 Poker 賭博使壞蛋破產,藉以使壞蛋向國家尋求庇護,致使破毀恐佈活動網絡本來只是追查 White 和了結上集 Vesper 的故事。結果也阻止了水源被壟斷。搗毀了私營組織;保護 M阻止滲透;阻止監控網絡主要為救妻兒;另外就是搗毀生化工場和武器
任務純粹是私怨的指數0%80%90%100%70%

影評:007 – No Time To Die

Daniel Craig 的 007 的系列的最後一部、第五集。評分:Rotten Tomatoes 83%,IMDB 7.5/10。筆者評75%。 #劇透慎入

~ 主線 ~

  1. Swann 的原生家庭,和與壞蛋 Safin 的往事。
  2. 邦與 Swann 互訴成長創傷。被埋伏。和分手。
  3. 五年後,Spectre 偷取了科技並拹持科學家 Valdo Obruchev。科技是 M 的項目 Heracles 海格力斯,一個標靶納米生化武器 (DNA-Targetting Bio-Nanobots)。特務 Nomi 取代了邦作為 007 編號。
  4. 邦受 Felix Leiter(第一集 Casino Royale 中的美國特工)招募而加入作特工。和 Logan Ash 、並美特工/邦女郎 Paloma 潛入 Spectre 聚會點調查。科學家偷換了設定,殺了所有 Spectre 成員,然後隨邦逃走。回程中,Ash 背叛而殺了 Leiter、帶走了科學家 Obruchev。邦逃生。
  5. 回到倫敦後,邦想接觸 Blofeld 去查問有關幕後僱主。得知 Swann 是惟一能接觸 Blofeld 的人。而 Swann 受 Safin 唆擺去殺 Blofeld。邦見到 Blofeld,Blofeld 承認 Swann 沒有背叛邦;而邦因不知情而傳送了 nanobot 給 Blofeld 而殺了他。
  6. 邦追縱 Swann 而找到她童年居所。遇到 Swann 的五歲女兒 Mathilde。Ash 來襲擊,邦帶二人走難。邦與 Ash 爭鬥期間,Safin 捉走了 Swann 和 Mathilde。
  7. 邦和 Nomi 用滑翔潛水機,潛入 Safin 的基地。邦救了二人,然後交給 Nomi 帶走撤離。Nomi 殺了科學家 Obruchev。邦開了門然後給了訊號發射導彈。
  8. 最後 Safin 阻止,邦打鬥中感染了 nanobot;為保妻兒安全留在島上犧牲。

~ 簡評 ~

這集的故事內容都較前幾集具體,和立體。所以筆者也給了稍高一點的評分。不過故事也有不少犯駁,而且 Safin 的動機和角色太含糊;總之大概就是想報復 Spectre 的人、也大概是 Swann 的養父。

而思潮的歷史時空上,邦女郎也因為多元正確而加入了南美裔的英國演員。

而連貫式的故事來到第五集,開始漸有沉悶感;總之主角光環會勝利。所以電影雖然算做得不錯(若非這原因,筆者可能會給 80%),但是重複感高導致扣分。

~ 故事的哲理提問 ~

整個故事的理念,說穿了就是「建立一個 007 的倒影的壞蛋」。壞蛋 Safin 在與邦的對話戲中也提到,他和邦在骨子裡沒有兩樣,只不過是手段不同。這個提問值得在這裡寫一下供反思。

Safin 的提問是:"00″ Status 是殺手特務,藉以維護世界和平,或只是執行國家給他的任務。那麼他用 nanobot 一樣掌握生殺大權,兩者有甚麼差別?若沒有客觀標準,不就只是立場先決、自視為公義,只不過是相比拳頭夠大、只不過是誰大誰惡誰正確、只不過是詮譯權的競較嗎?

邦在現場的回答,是:Safin 這方式,是搞亂世界、使世界大亂。

這答案若說是回答,不如說是有點自義。看了五集,邦有屢次都越過上級指令,也有多次越規殺人、私怨殺人。若說世界大亂,前幾集的邦就已是使世界大亂。邦的 00 Status,在第一集 Casino Royale 的 M 說得好:是要他夠成熟決定,甚麼時候應該做最正確的決定;而 M 也有點猶豫邦是否夠成熟和到時候。而這五集呈現出很多邦的不成熟、衝動、感情用事。這正正被 Safin 點出了問題。

可以說,Safin 這個提問,將這五集的邦電影,提出了一個平行時空中,另一個更成熟的邦的可能性。也正是回答了 “00″ Status 的 Licence to Kill;和在上個影評中筆者提到,「007 的意義」的反思問題,並若抽空意義就成了低俗殺戳的核心價值問題。

最後貼下劇照。

影評:007 – Spectre

Daniel Craig 的 007 的系列的第四集。評分:Rotten Tomatoes 63%,IMDB 6.8/10。筆者評50%。普通 007 電影部,老話題,故事和演譯上都未算突出,但也不失為一個普通的電影娛樂。而扣分位在犯駁太多,而且明明是上佳的經典素材拍成了炒冷飯。

~ 題外:影評這玩意兒 ~

題外,請下寫影評這回事。

寫影評的思考方法都是幾個。(1) 分享下對電影作為一種藝術的鑑賞。(2) 讓其他有看過同一電影的人,在不同觀感、不同角度之間,再看這電影一次 (3) 讓未看過同一電影的人,看下是否值得推介、或者是否伏戲;或有沒有自己想看的東西,或觸類旁通 (4) 分享下一些相關的筆者的生活上的連帶思想,因為電影都是種具教育和啟發性的媒介 (5) 對電影為作商業建設和產品,在營運方法和產品方法上,在筆者的主業本科上,寫下和分享一點思考方法 (6) 人生路上的感悟,人生意義的探究心得 (7) 純電影樂趣和寫作樂趣。

~ 回到正題:主線 ~

這劇的主線都是幾個劇情: #劇透慎入

  1. 邦得到八爪魚介指
  2. M 與 C 的政治角力。M 支持 “00″ 項目;C 覺得 “00″ 項目已經過時,推行全球資訊監控項目以取代之。
  3. M 對邦的擅自行動不滿;上集 Skyfall 的同僚 Q 與 Eve 的詢問,知道原來是之前的 M 的遺下任務。邦得到 Q 與 Eve 的支持。邦參與葬禮,遇到寡婦 Lucia。然後得到了九眼的聚會地點。
  4. 九眼聚會所中,見到 Franz Oberhauser。邦逃離聚會所。
  5. 邦找到 White 的所在。然後也找上了女主角 Swann。然後也知道了九眼和之前三集的頭目是有關連,而且也和之前的 Quantum 機構有關連。九眼就是個最高權力的影子政府(影子政府即是民間傳聞的陰謀論中,掌握世界的真正的資源的權力的地下組織)。
  6. Swann 帶邦到其父 White 提到的美國人,不是個人而是個酒店。當中找到 White 的密室,找到撒哈拉沙漠中的九眼的座標。
  7. 到沙漠中找到建築物。然後找到 Franz Oberhauser。對談中知道是和邦一起長大,邦的寄養家庭中養父的兒子。因父愛的妒忌而憎恨邦,而有九眼。Franz Oberhauser 裝死後,易名 Ernst Stavro Blofeld,也就是 007 的經典宿敵(故事重構了經典角色)。邦被虐待,然後逃離。當中炸毀了基地,傷了 Franz。
  8. 回到倫敦,眾人去拘捕 C 並要阻止九眼上線。幾經掙扎,M 與 C 的爭鬥中,C 墮樓而死。Blofeld 因基地破壞的眼部受傷,出現與邦對質後,邦救了 Swann。然後擊落了 Blofeld 的直昇機。Blofeld 被捕。完場。

這套電影的犯駁指數:70%。主角光環太多,不單車逐和槍戰具不死身,面對插入式腦部手術都具不死身。壞蛋的原因太低級(為父愛的妒忌搞咁多野)。九眼的雷聲大雨點小;形象不足。為塑造 Blofeld 眼傷畫面而勉強劇情。國際關係太無能。

~ 好的邦電影 vs 壞的邦電影:邦電影的方法討論 ~

邦電影在電影史上都已算是一個經典。而且已是一個入屋、具典型的電影。邦電影的主要元素,是可以陳列出來,並且分析其構造方法,和造成的質素上的差異。

~ 元素 ~

邦電影的元素,不外以下幾個:

  1. 一開場的任務、場面氣氛;然後都一定會有打架和特技場面。用以校準觀眾期望。
  2. 然後有 007 的向著鏡頭開槍的經典畫面。然後播主題曲,並且順著播放 007 的片頭藝術 (007 Title Sequence)。通常都是些將現代舞和意識流,crossover進 007 的特務、陰謀、國際、特技場景。
  3. 然後順著一開場的任務,做個「起承轉合」中的承與轉。漸漸引入主要任務、主要角色、主要壞蛋、主要陰謀。就是整個故事與場所。
  4. 主要角色
    • 邦女郎。和(通常都是太開放的)性。
    • Aston Martin 靚車。
    • Q。科技工具提供者。
    • M。邦的頂頭上司。
    • 敵頭目、陰謀論、邪惡集團
  5. 車追逐、槍戰、格鬥、暗殺、埋伏、潛入、駭入、美男計。

~ 命題 ~

邦電影是有個問題:因為觀眾通常都是知道甚麼叫「邦電影」的人、整個系列來看的人。只看單套的觀眾不多。所以,若太有套路,觀眾就都會覺得沉悶。這點和 Marvel 電影相似。

而正因為是系列型觀眾,相反來說,若太不像典型的邦電影,就會有期望落差、貨不對辦的問題。而好消息是這點的調節空間是有的,視乎編劇和導演的功力。

~ 好與壞的分別 ~

所以,邦電影若是「典型太多」,只集中在車追逐、槍戰、特技;或邦女郎、名車;若只集中在這些身上,就會失去了故事的立體和色彩。差不多只淪為電視劇、天天都播放一樣的廉價娛樂。

而邪惡集團、陰謀論、大壞蛋那些,也是一樣。這類素材,在廿一世紀喜歡看電影的我們,已知道過不少。要造個更有意義的意象,是要有點電影工匠的技術和心機。

所以,構造個好的邦電影,是要有:(1) 好的故事:世界觀、人設、陰謀論、政治演繹 (2) 好的講故事能力,引人入勝 (3) 車逐、槍戰、特技那些,要恰到好處 (4) 邦女郎和名車是必備,但荷里活從不缺這些。

還有幾個操作也是要考慮的主要元素,而且也是常見和容易的崩壞點:(1) 邦的主角光環,太過無敵就會犯駁和不好看 (2) 劇情切忌犯駁 (3) 科技太強、誇張 (4) 用特務機構太無能,去顯出邦的強大 (5) 管治和計劃太廢,似乎靠前線人員單靠打殺就能解決一切問題 (6) 邦女郎沒認識幾天就性,和為劇情需要講到很深感情;濫性和濫情。

而且,以前的邦電影,邦像是個廣博見識的知識分子。近年的邦電影,邦像個文盲、無乜知識,只懂上陣肉搏和耍小聰明的小混混。

~ 007 的「意義」 ~

加個註腳。以前邦電影會有邦也停下反思意義的時候。但近年的邦電影,邦差不多只淪為使命必達的機器。

所以近兩集((4) Spectre 和 (5) No Time to Die),對邦的形容,也是到底他是任務執行者,還是純粹殺手。這也是對 “007″ 這個概念的一個最好反思。

“00″ (“Double O Status") 在電影中是個編制,即是 Licence to Kill 可以為執行任務,而被國家賦予權力合法殺人。而反思問題是:這 “00″ 的意義,是殺人本身?還是為執行任務本身?

殺人是傷害、有違天理。但任務的意義是帶來「價值」。價值當然是指「一切的正向與美善的價值」。而這正是 “00″ 的意義上的吊詭:當為執行為美善的價值的意義的任務時,若有邪惡力量的阻攔,例如殺一個救十個,倫理上是否可以以殺人為手段,去達到美善的價值?這在廿一世紀,就是很多人都知道的電車命題。在數十年前的荷里活,就是 007 電影的核心。一個供價值和意義上的反思的提問。

而這 007 電影 / 邦電影的核心的電車命題,在近年的邦電影中已著墨越來越少。當邦電影的反思意義進入蒼白,邦電影也只流於特技和低俗的陰謀論。

最後貼下劇照

有關《愛讀.聖經》

Privacy Policy

Last updated: May 23, 2023

This Privacy Policy describes Our policies and procedures on the collection, use and disclosure of Your information when You use the Service and tells You about Your privacy rights and how the law protects You.

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  • By email: m@ckchan.hk

分享有關人工智能 (5/5):可以怎樣善用智能?

筆者最後想寫一篇,分享有關若非技術人士,可以怎樣最優化掌握人工智能的好處。

掌握用法和商業應用

一般若並非以電腦為主修學科,也一樣可以有效掌握科技。最簡單的方法之一,就是掌握其用法 (Use Case)、用戶處境 (User Scenario / User Story)、用戶流程 (User Journey)、用戶體驗 (UX: User Experiences)。

掌握這五者,加上學習相關應用軟件的用法,就大概夠用。例如不少人在做的掌握 MidJourney 和 Stable Diffusion 的用法。在大部份需要科技的商業公司,包括不少藍籌企業,都需要有科技產品設計 (Product Design)、商業發展 (Business Development)、巿場營銷 (Marketing) 等的人士。而以上這段的技能,就是大致都包括了產品設計上的基本技能。

而可以想像和明白:掌握了產品層,然後專業技術就去找技術人士幫助。這樣就會分擔到不同的功能和設計工作。

演算法和概念的學習

除了產品,也值得留意學習科技業內的演算法。演算法大多都未必需要高深的技術知識。例如人工智能的強化學習 (Reinforcement Learning)、Transformer Model(有勉強譯作「變換器」,是其中一種智能網絡模型);或當中一些演算法例如 Gradient Ascent/Descent(梯度上升法 / 下降法)之類。這些都是類似科普知識,經閱讀都能掌握。

以前區塊鏈時代,筆者也是向人推薦可以學習演算法。例如拜占庭容錯演算法(去中心化的核心,BFT: Byzantine Fault Tolerant)、零知識證明(ZKP: Zero Knowledge Proof)、區塊鏈高速架構的優化設計、等等。這些科普知識,當中的設計包含了不少奧妙、有趣、而不深奧的邏輯方法。差不多若開個 youtube,10-15 分鐘都可以簡單講解。例如 Wired channel 向不同程度的人解釋上述的 ZKP,對談對象包括10歲和13歲的少年也能清楚明白(連結)。而且不單是用在電腦科學,是可以用在任何的領域當中。

下面左圖是 Transformer 的設計。而右圖是簡化圖解梯度下降法(演算法)的概念。

科技普及階段模型

以前筆者親自設計和分享的一個科技應用普及的階段模型。在這裡也貼一下。都是那些階段見過不少科技的普及次序後,歸納出的一個原理。科技可以有個分類:

1. 國家級。最尖端的科技是一般平民接觸不到。例如 Siri 便本來是由民企與國防合作投資開發的科技。互聯網本來也是,來自其前身 Arpanet。

2. 實驗級。一些已公開科技,但仍是很初步,資源甚少。與其說應用,不如說開荒。而且很不好用、不穩定。一般只會由科技人去接觸。

3. 普及工程級。具普及的 API。

4. 普及民用級。所有人都能接觸到的科技。例如瀏覽器、通訊軟件、Facebook、Google 之類。

通常任何在媒體已取得潮流的科技,都會是上述 2與3之間。會有很多普及功能,但若要找最先進的功能,很多仍是實驗級,需要很多整頓和除錯時間。

行業應用

怎樣將科技帶到其他行業中,使到其他行業也可以得著科技的好處。這是將科技普及化的意義和價值。而這一點,是需要不同行業中長期深造,深化明白不同行業原理的人員,與科技人員配搭,一起設計出科技工具,使到不同行業都能得益。這是科技普及的意義。

而這也是現代化,將學術成果能應用到「官、產、學、研」,並使到產業應用的生態,能回饋到學術和研究內,的系統方法論。

分享有關人工智能 (4/5):智能架構

第一篇講了用處 (Use Case) 和前景路線圖。第二和三篇講解了智能叛變和智能安全。第四篇筆者講解下,拆開智能的神祕面紗。就是從技術面和雲端並架構上,講解下智能的架構。當中並會進一步領會到其發展的可能性,和商業機遇。

模型

以現在這刻來說,模型大多都分為這些:語言、圖像、語音、影片、視力 (Computer Vision)、MLLM(Multimodal LLM,請參第一篇)等等。而一般都是在一些開源平台上發佈。

人工智能圈內的研究和開源平台,都有不少研究員或科技人士參與。筆者也有參與,也造了幾個為作講解科技範例的軟件,有在 個人用戶的 Appstore 上免費分享(連結)

智能科研圈內都共用著不少開源的資源。例如模型一般都在 HuggingFace 和 Github 上開源分享。

模型框架

一般的模型都會運用幾個框架 (Frameworks) 之中的一個:主要是 PyTorch (by Meta) 和 TensorFlow (Google);或其他較次要的例如 CoreML (Apple)、JAX (Deepmind)、ONNX (Meta + Microsoft) 等等。PyTorch 仍是最多模型運用的框架。

模型是可以在框架間轉換的。例如若要放到 iPhone 上運作,若要運用 iPhone 的 CoreML 框架,就要從另一個框架(例如 PyTorch)轉換到 CoreML。

例如 OpenAI 開源在 huggingface 的語音智能 whisper,都是會提供 PyTorch, TensorFlow 和其他格式。也會有其他人包括筆者會嘗試將它轉換到 CoreML,為可以在 iPhone 上運作。

而模型以外的代碼,不少架構都是大同小異。而且具模組化設計 (modular design)。看得多差不多都認得來來去去那些架構。而且也可以拆開運用應付其他需要。

各個雲端平台

而通用平台上,各個雲端供應商,都已經發展出人工智能專屬的設備。只是還是初步設置,未及完善。例如 Amason AWS 上面,EC2 是有專為智能而設計的硬件配置,可以特別適切到 PyTorch 或 TensorFlow 的專屬硬件配置。AWS 也有 SageMaker 的專屬服務,專為智能的模型訓練 (Training),和部署 (Deployment) 和建設/實施 (Build / Implementation) 用的平台。

雲端 – Amazon AWS

雲端 – Google GCP

Google 在人工智能的研究 (2011) 比 OpenAI (2015.12) 還早,所以在它的雲端平台 GCP 上,是比起其他雲端平台在智能的發展上更充份。在 GCP 上面,專業用的智能平台包括 Vertex AI 和 Tensorflow / TPU;還有一大堆人工智能功能,例如電腦視覺 (Computer Vision)、語言 (Natural Language)、語音 (Speech)、文件分析、翻譯、通話機器用的 Dialogflow (Chatbot) 等等的功能平台。(下圖截自 Google GCP)

雲端 – Microsoft Azure

Microsoft 的 Azure 雲端平台,因為與 OpenAI 關係密切也有著優勢。主要平台除了 OpenAI,也有 Azure Machine Learning,用作訓練、建設和部署。(下圖截自 Azure Cloud)

WEB4 應用

近月筆者在友間也在樂趣討論和分享著不同的人工智能運用方式 (Use Case)。除了這篇分享的內容外,筆者提到現在科技圈內外的主流聲音,似乎都還是對智能能力的想像力和創意上略有不足。而在這方面,智能會漸漸擴充大家對應用科技的想法。

這概念有點像我們前幾年說 WEB3 模型。區塊鏈被設計出來後,有區塊鏈圈內的人提倡 WEB3 模型,就是用區塊鏈做一些金融以外的東西。若智能按九十年代的電腦科學界內的前輩們的分類,說是 WEB4 的話,那麼除了文本、語音、圖像、影片等等之外,大概應該還有不少 WEB4 模型。而這點的可發揮性,可能會比 WEB3 更高。因為智能本身是個比區塊鏈用途更廣的科技。

而這當中,筆者會有個思考。因為人的創作力是和腦部方式有關。而智能來自的人工智能網絡的研究 (ANN, Artificial Neural Network);而相關研究又是和人類的生物腦部結構直接相關。那麼,電腦對人類作品風品的辨識,是種對作家或畫家的腦部模式的辨識。那麼,智能應該可以對人類的思考方法,或另一個人工智能的作品,作出準確辨識。

而這些的應用,都是用同上面的框架、平台、方法上建設。

模型訓練

而筆者也提出,我們現在的模型訓練,長遠上都是會發展到用智能來訓練另一個智能。而是會將智能訓練這種功能、以致智能架構和技術,發展到超過了現在的方法。

而模型的訓練,包括 WEB4 的用途,大概都是可以用一個模型的輸出,來訓練另一個模型。只不過在同一功能上,訓練出的模型大概都不會優於本來的模型。而在這些模型訓練上,業界是已經發展出充份的量度方法,去測量模型的優劣。而且同一課題內,參與的研究人員都是有可見生態。認得出啲用戶名字,因為暫時來說生態內人數不多。